Effects Of The Americas And Africa - 1077 Words

Between 1492 and 1750, Africa and the Americas engaged in the Columbian Exchange. Many changes took place in both countries during this time period, falling into two important categories, demographic and environmental effects. In the case of the Americas and Africa, many similarities and differences exist. In the case of demographic effects, both the Americas and Africa experienced disease, however, disease took a greater toll on Americans than Africans. This important change led to both the Americas and Africa facing changes in the number of females and males within the country, however, while the number of males increased in the Americas, the number of males decreased in Africa. Connecting back to changes in population, there was also surpluses and increase in childbirth in the Americas and Africa, due to the introduction of many new crops. In the case of environmental effects, America faced more significant changes than Africa. In the case of demographic effects, both the Americas and Africa experienced disease, however, disease took a greater toll on Americans than Africans. Early on, Africans displayed high resistance to numerous pathogens, due to exposure to various diseases within Africa. Common diseases included smallpox, chicken pox, yellow fever, measles, malaria, and influenza. Being exposed to this many diseases made their immune systems stronger over time, and therefore, Africans were less capable of getting disease and more capable of fighting disease. CommonShow MoreRelatedEffects Of European Exploration On Europe, Africa, And The Americas1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of European Exploration on Europe, Africa, and the Americas Whenever you hear about the European Exploration, or ‘The Age of Discovery’’ you hear a lot about what the Europeans gained from it, while they did learn a lot from this and gather a lot of new resources they were not the only ones affected. 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The Predominant Mandate Of Central Banks Essay - 748 Words

The predominant mandate of central banks is to deal with inflation and keep the financial system stable under any circumstances (Ortiz, 2009), and the central banks handling the monetary policy through popular instruments are the only body who are responsible for doing so. Handa (2009) lists six most important instruments that central banks have used to run the money policy. These tools have been historically developed along with the vicissitudes of the central banks during the growth of the international financial system. 3.1.3.1. Open-market operations The main activity of this tool is that the central banks purchase and sell marketable securities in the financial markets such as government bonds. The aim of this policy is to affect the monetary base and as a result, it will influence to the money supply of the economy in the short period. 3.1.3.2. Reserve requirements The conduct of this approach is that the central banks set a fixed reserve ratio, which is measured by the proportion of customers’ deposits and approved liquid assets, to domestic commercial banks or credit institutions. This rate is often higher than as usual. The purpose of this method is to limit the amount of money that credit institutions can use to make loans to their customers. 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Subramainaya Baharathi Free Essays

string(42) " Pondicherry which was under French rule\." Introduction: Subramaniya Bharathi the Poet of Tamil Nationalism Indian Freedom â€Å"He who writes poetry is not a poet. He whose poetry has become his life, and who has made his life his poetry – it is he who is a poet. † – Bharathy Mahakavi Subramaniya Bharathi was born on 11 December 1882 in Ettiyapuram in Tamil Nadu. We will write a custom essay sample on Subramainaya Baharathi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bharathi died on 11 September 1921. In a relatively short life span of 39 years, Bharathi left an indelible mark as the poet of Tamil nationalism and Indian freedom. Bharathi’s mother died in 1887 and two years later, his father also died. At the age of 11, in 1893 his prowess as a poet was recognised and he was accorded the title of ‘bharathi’. He was a student at Nellai Hindu School and in 1897 he married Sellamal. Thererafter, from 1898 to 1902, he lived in Kasi. Bharathi worked as a school teacher and as a journal editor at various times in his life. As a Tamil poet he ranked with Ilanko, Thiruvalluvar and Kamban. His writings gave new life to the Tamil language – and to Tamil national consciousness. He involved himself actively in the Indian freedom struggle. It is sometimes said of Bharathi that he was first an Indian and then a Tamil. Perhaps, it would be more correct to say that he was a Tamil and because he was a Tamil he was also an Indian. For him it was not either or but both – it was not possible for him to be one without also being the other. Bharathi often referred to Tamil as his ‘mother’. At the sametime, he was fluent in many languages including Bengali, Hindi, Sanskrit, Kuuch, and English and frequently translated works from other languages into Tamil. His (among all the languages we know, we do not see anywhere, any as sweet as Tamil) was his moving tribute to his mother tongue. That many a Tamil web site carries the words of that song on its home page in cyber space today is a reflection of the hold that those words continue to have on Tamil minds and Tamil hearts. His – was Bharathi’s salute to the Tamil nation and many a Tamil child has learnt and memorised those moving words from a very young age – and I count myself as one of them. Bharathi was a Hindu. But his spirituality was not limited. He sang to the Hindu deities, and at the same time he wrote songs of devotion to Jesus Christ and Allah. Bharathi was a vigorous campaigner against casteism. He wrote in ‘Vande Matharam’ : – – We shall not look at caste or religion, All human beings in this land – whether they be those who preach the vedas or who belong to other castes – are one. Bharathi lived during an eventful period of Indian history. Gandhi, Tilak, Aurobindo and V. V. S. Aiyar were his contemporaries. He involved himself with passion in the Indian freedom struggle. His ‘Viduthalai, Viduthalai’ was not only a clarion call for freedom from alien rule but also addressed the need to unite a people across caste barriers – ! ! ! ! . Bibilography He saw a great India. He saw a n India of skilled workers and an educated people. He saw an India where women would be free. His – expressed the depth of his love and the breadth of his vision for India. Bharathi served as Assistant Editor of the Swadeshamitran in 1904. He participated in the 1906 All India Congress meeting in Calcutta (chaired by Dadabhai Naoroji) where the demand for ‘Swaraj’ was raised for the first time. Bharathi supported the demand wholeheartedly and found himself in the militant wing of the Indian National Congress together with Tilak and Aurobindo. Aurobindo writing on the historic 1906 Congress had this to say: â€Å"We were prepared to give the old weakness of the congress plenty of time to die out if we could get realities recognised. Only in one particular have we been disappointed and that is the President’s address. But even here the closing address with which Mr. Naoroji dissolved the Congress, has made amends for the deficiencies of his opening speech. He once more declared Self-Government, Swaraj, as in an inspired moment he termed it, to be our one ideal and called upon the young men to achieve it. The work of the older men had been done in preparing a generation which were determined to have this great ideal and nothing else; the work of making the ideal a reality lies lies with us. We accept Mr. Naoroji’s call and to carry out his last injunctions will devote our lives and, if necessary, sacrifice them. † (Bande Mataram, 31 December 1906) Many Tamils will see the parallels with the Vaddukoddai Resolution of 1976 which proclaimed independence for the Tamils of Eelam – the work of older men determined to have ‘this great ideal and nothing else’ and the later determination of Tamil youth to devote their lives, and ‘if necessary sacrifice them’ to make that ideal a reality. In April 1907, he became the editor of the Tamil weekly ‘India’. At the same time he also edited the English newspaper ‘Bala Bharatham’. He participated in the historic Surat Congress in 1907, which saw a sharpening of the divisions within the Indian National Congress between the militant wing led by Tilak and Aurobindo and the ‘moderates’. Subramanya Bharathi supported Tilak and Aurobindo together with ‘Kapal Otiya Thamilan’ V. O. Chidambarampillai and Kanchi Varathaachariyar. Tilak openly supported armed resistance and the Swadeshi movement. These were the years when Bharathi immersed himself in writing and in political activity. In Madras, in 1908, he organised a mammoth public meeting to celebrate ‘Swaraj Day’. His poems ‘Vanthe Matharam’, ‘Enthayum Thayum’, ‘Jaya Bharath’ were printed and distributed free to the Tamil people. In 1908, he gave evidence in the case which had been instituted by the British against ‘Kappal Otiya Thamizhan’, V. O. Chidambarampillai. In the same year, the proprietor of the ‘India’ was arrested in Madras. Faced with the prospect of arrest, Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry which was under French rule. You read "Subramainaya Baharathi" in category "Papers" From there Bharathi edited and published the ‘India’ weekly. He also edited and published ‘Vijaya’, a Tamil daily, Bala Bharatha, an English monthly, and ‘Suryothayam’ a local weekly of Pondicherry. Under his leadership the Bala Bharatha Sangam was also started. The British waylaid and stopped remittances and letters to the papers. Both ‘India’ and ‘Vijaya’ were banned in British India in 1909. The British suppression of the militancy was systematic and thorough. Tilak was exiled to Burma. Aurobindo escaped to Pondicherry in 1910. Bharathi met with Aurobindo in Pondicherry and the discussions often turned to religion and philosophy. He assisted Aurobindo in the ‘Arya’ journal and later ‘Karma Yogi’ in Pondicherry. In November 1910, Bharathi released an ‘Anthology of Poems’ which included ‘Kanavu’. V. V. S. Aiyar also arrived in Pondicherry in 1910 and the British Indian patriots, who were called ‘Swadeshis’ would meet often. They included Bharathi, Aurobindo and V. V. S. Aiyar. R. S. Padmanabhan in his Biography of V. V. S. Aiyar writes: â€Å"All of them, whether there was any warrant against them or not, were constantly being watched by British agents in Pondicherry. Bharathi was a convinced believer in constitutional agitation. Aurobindo had given up politics altogether†¦ and Aiyar had arrived in their midst with all the halo of a dedicated revolutionary who believed in the cult of the bomb and in individual terrorism. In 1912, Bharathy published his Commentaries on the Bhavad Gita in Tamil as well as Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu and Panjali Sabatham. After the end of World War I, Bharathi entered British India near Cuddalore in November 1918. He was arrested and imprisoned in the Central prison in Cuddalore in custody for three weeks – from 20 November 20 to 14 December. He was released after he was prevailed upon to give an undertaking to the British India government that he would eschew all political activities. These were years of hardship and poverty. Eventually, the General Amnesty Order of 1920 removed all restrictions on his movement. Bharathy met with Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 and in 1920, Bharathy resumed editorship of the Swadeshamitran in Madras. That was one year before his death in 1921. Today, more than 80 years later, Subaramanya Bharathy stands as an undying symbol of Indian freedom and a vibrant Tamil nationalism. P. S. Sundaram in his biographical sketch of Subramania Bharathy concludes: â€Å"Though Bharathi died so young, he cannot be reckoned with Chatterton and Keats among the inheritors of ‘unfulfilled renown’. His was a name to conjure with, at any rate in South India, while he was still alive. But his fame was not so much as a poet as of a patriot and a writer of patriotic songs. His loudly expressed admiration for Tilak, his fiery denunciations in the Swadeshamitran, and the fact that he had to seek refuge in French territory to escape the probing attentions of the Government of Madras, made him a hero and a ‘freedom fighter’. His lilting songs were on numerous lips, and no procession or public meeting in a Tamil district in the days of ‘non-cooperation’ could begin, carry on or end without singing a few of them†¦ Bharathi’s love of Tamil, both the language as it was in his own day and the rich literature left as a heritage, was no less than his love of India†¦ When he claims for Valluvan, Ilango and Kamban, Bharathy does so not as an ignorant chauvinist but as one who has savoured both the sweetness of these writers and the strength and richness of others in Sanskrit and English†¦ â€Å"(in Poems of Subramania Bharathy – A Selection Translated by P. S. Sundaram, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 1982) Mahakavi Subramania Bharathiar was one of the greatest Tamil poets, a prolific writer, philosopher and a great visionary of immense genius. He was also one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement. His national integration songs earned him the title â€Å"Desiya Kavi† (National Poet). His patriotic songs emphasize nationalism, unity of India, equality of men and the greatness of Tamil language. Bharathiar was born on December 11, 1882 in Ettayapuram, which is now part of Thoothukudi District. Bharathiar was educated at a local high school where his talents as a poet were recognized even at the age of 11. He had voracious appetite for learning ancient and contemporary Tamil literature and had gifted intellect to derive astonishing truths from ancient poems. At the age of 22, he became a Tamil teacher at Setupati High School in Madurai and the same year he was appointed as Assistant Editor of a daily newspaper called â€Å"Swadesamitran†. In 1906, he was editor of a weekly magazine called â€Å"India†. By 1912, Bharathiar was already a legend in South India and his political meetings were attracting multitudes of young patriots, ready to join the non-violent movement for attaining freedom from the British rule. Bharathiar died on September 11, 1921, at the young age of 39. The legacy of the poet however endures forever Literary Works The following collections published by Bharathi piracuralayam, Triplicane, 1949 contains shorter pieces: thEciya keethangal – 57 poems thoththirap pAdalkal – devotional songs, 66 pieces vinayakar nanmanimaalai, kannanpattu -23 pieces pirapadalkal – 30 pieces autobiography in verse form: svacarithai (49 st. ), bharathi arupathu (66 st), cinnacankaran kathai puthiya aaththiccudi, paappapattu (1914, 16 quatrains) pancali capatham – narrative poem in 1548 lines rose – gnana ratham, 1910 short narrative pieces aaril oru pangku,1911-12 Cheeezzzz: The Tamil poet, Maha Kavi Subramaniam Bharathiar, familiarly referred to as Bharathi, has been a real life hero. His extraordinary power was his poetry, his weapon of choice- his pen. He wrote at a time when his country was crying out for reform. Though many may remember him for inspiring h is people to seek freedom from alien rule, he also spoke out for the freedom and equality of the Indian woman – his damsel in distress – in a time when they were barely acknowledged for their existence. The mid 19th century was a time when the Indian woman had absolutely no rights and their relationship with their husbands were close to that of Master and Slave. Women were not thought important enough to pursue studies, as their role was more as the dutiful wife at home. Bharathi was first among the growing school of Renaissance poets during this period who insisted that the only way for a country to grow was through empowering its women. â€Å"Aanum Pennum nigarrenak kolvathaal Ariviloanki ivvagayakam thalaikumaam† Taken from his poem Puthumai Penn (New Woman) the line evokes that â€Å"When we realize that man and woman are equal, this world will flourish with knowledge†. From religious hymns to inspiring nationalist anthems and poems shattering without hesitation every social taboo that was held close by conventional South Indians, Bharathi voiced his opinion without hesitation in a lyrical style that has not even been surpassed by literature that followed his period. Among his well-known poetry is Oadi vilayaadu paapaa. While a poem of instruction for children it also hints to all ages on accepting people as human beings and not on their caste or creed. Jaadhigal illaiyadi paaapaa, Kulath thaalchi uyarchi sollal paavam paapaa Neethi uyarntha mathi kalvi Anbu niraiya udayavargal meloar paapaa â€Å"There is no caste little one. It is a sin to categorise people as high and low caste. Only those who possess justice, intelligence and education and great love are of a high caste† Thus he included the Tamil woman in his fight for freedom who, in one of his essays he called â€Å"Slaves who remain conservative and orthodox† as they were â€Å"not permitted to make their own choices†. Woman as a mother was Bharathi’s favourite theme and the book ‘Woman in Modern Tamil Literature’ by Loganayagy Nannithamby says that â€Å"Bharati who envisages women as the incarnation of Sakti [Parasakti – the great Goddess or the Mother-Goddess] says in one of his essays on philosophy: As a man, all the female deities you pray to, represent the latent powers of Parasakti hidden in women like your mother, wife, sister and daughter. Bharati’s idealist views later turned to more down-to-earth, reformist views with the seeping in of Northern influences like the coming of the Brahmins and Puranas, which was slowly deteorating the status of the woman of the South. He argued that if women’s freedom were to be deprived, man would p erish along with it and that men were not to monopolize freedom. Aettayum pengal thoduvadhu theemaiyendren niyirunthavar Maaynthuvittar Veetukkullay pennaip pooti vaippoam endra vindai manithar thalai Kavilnthaaar â€Å"Those who thought that women should not touch books and learn have died! Those surprising people who said that we have to lock women in homes to do their duties, have put their heads down in shame. † His hope for women included a librated free woman who thought independently and used her knowledge, like men, for the betterment of the country. His wife Chellamal Bharati, in her biography of her husband related incidents when she says how her husband put all social barriers to the wind and clung to her arms while walking boldly next to her (Brahmin women were required to walk a few steps behind her husband). Nimirntha nannenjum naer konda paarvaiyum Nilathinil yaarukkum anjaatha nerigalum Thimirntha gnanach cherukkum iruppadhaal Semmai maadhargal thirambuvathillaiyaam† â€Å"With upright heart and steadfast look and ideas that are not afraid of anyone in the world- the woman does not falter as she has the delight of wisdom. † This great poet died on September 11, 1921 after being trampled by an Elephant when he went seeking blessings at t he temple. He was thought of as such an outcast at the time that only seven people attended his funeral. But his poetry, which belied his time, caused the birth of new ideas and the emancipation of the status of the woman in India today and remains as inspiration to millions of people around the world. Cheeezzzz: and This is the great Hero’s Photo. Subramanian T. R subbu: Fantastic TRIBUTE to our GR8T Poet n Freedom Fighter Shri. MAHA KAVI SUBRAMANIA BHARATHI indeed†¦ Good to see that you shared with all our friends here my dear Ramya Ponnu O0 On this day Let’s Have our Gr8t Rememberance of his contributions to the society ! :noteworthy: subbu How to cite Subramainaya Baharathi, Papers

Discovery of Career

Question: Discuss the results of your Career Exploration. Do these results fit in with your desired career path? Why or Why not? Were you surprised by the results? Why or Why not? Answer: Discovery of Career Here we discover ourselves, gain knowledge about our principles, benefit, personality and skills. Explore ourselves, acquire real life experience of job, attempt new stuff, and study your options, make associations. To identify Ourselves How to Start? We already understand ourselves. Now we should answer the below questions: What activities give us pleasure? What are our strong points, flair, aptitude and force When we busy in activities giving us pleasure, how do we use our skills for accomplishing that activities? What kind of job we are looking for? These answers had helped me to stand in my process of discovery of career. What else do you need to think about? What are things that are priceless for me? How I behave, mingle with others, and how it can be beneficial to me in making choice about my career? What will be my job or career path which will help me in putting my skills, and of my interest? Evaluating all above questions, I found Marketing will be best suit for my career. When I think of marketing, Im very much excited, as I will be getting chance to study the various markets for the product to become successful in it (Cheng, 2014). I will be able to determine, chart and execute the various policies and procedures for the marketing of that particular product. I will be analyzing the competitors product pricing and sales strategy and based upon the market conditions, I will be able to decide and control on our pricing strategy. In a way I will be deciding the growth of business and maximizing the profits and market share of the firm and at the same time I will see to it that the customers are satisfied. One more activity will be to observe the development of product, analyze the trends in market and find out that if there is need of new products. Job Tasks: In coordination with advertising and promotion managers, plan out the marketing strategies, policies to encourage, launch of the product or services. Categorize, build up, or assess marketing approach based on data of firm objectives, market uniqueness, and price and gain factors. Guide the recruitment, teaching and performance assessment of sales and marketing workforce and supervise their day to day actions Assess the monetary attributes of manufactured goods, such as expenses, budget, RD cost, assumed PL and ROI (Tieger, 2014). Prepare the cost structure of product or services keeping in mind the company goals and consumer satisfaction. Prepare the list of service offerings and product benefits. Bargain the contracts with distributors to handle the goods supply, developing supply network and preparing supply plan. Kick start the market study and investigate the findings. Discuss with goods development staff on goods specifications such as drawing, paint, or wrapping. Use deal forecasting or tactical preparation to make sure that the sale and effectiveness of goods or services, study business growth and monitoring market tendency. Organize or join in promotional actions or road shows, working with goods development manager and advertisers to promote products or services. Perform financial or marketable surveys to recognize likely markets for goods or services. Impart with legal personnel to resolve troubles, such as copyright breach or payment sharing with other manufacturers or distributors Suggest alteration to goods, wrapping, manufacturing processes, or other attributes to get better the ecological accuracy or sustainability of goods. Considering all above task the career path in Marketing will lead to grow the business and in turn will help to climb up the ladder in the organization and gain the top most position. References: Basalla, S., Debelius, M. (2014)." So what are you going to do with that?": finding careers outside academia. University of Chicago Press. Tieger, P. D., Barron, B., Tieger, K. (2014).Do what you are: Discover the perfect career for you through the secrets of personality type. Little, Brown. Wong, A. K., Tang, S. Y., Cheng, M. M. (2014). Teaching motivations in Hong Kong: Who will choose teaching as a fallback career in a stringent job market?.Teaching and Teacher Education,41, 81-91.

Your Stupid Anime Vs. American Animation Artical Essays

your stupid anime vs. american animation artical Letter #1 From: Information withheld Date: 10/01/2000 Subject: your stupid anime vs. american animation artical I think you're just some stupid, lifeless, overly proud american that couldn't know good animation if it bit 'im in the @$$! First off you're trying to compare disney to Toho, Pioneer, or any other japanese animation studio. And in response to your quest. about why a person can be entertained by 5 minutes of us animation but not anime ( your "question of simple logic for obsessed anime fans") is a simple question indeed. That's because American Animation is all slapstick comedy that has no plot what so ever! A person can't be entertained by 5 min. of anime because it has plot, and each episode flows together as a story. American animation is a story but not in-depth. Using "The Simpsons" as an example, It's a broken story of a family. It's funny, i won't deny that but i want in-depth plot, action, and good music in a show, not just cheap 30 min. laughs. And in response to your section on video quality, the reason for animes slightly bad video quality is because most animes people who don't really like anime see are shows that were relesed in japan in the 1980s or even the 1970s. DragonBall Z and Gundam Wing (two common animes that casual fans know) ended in 1993 (dbz) and the mid-80s (GW). So if the video quality is bad, the crappy american production studio is to blame. And finally, Japan didn't steal anime ideas from the american's piece of crap animation. Most were made mangas from old Japanese, Chinese, Korean, or even vietnamese legends. The newer Mecha animes were creations of a brilliant mind of a Japanese creator. So say hello to the average 12 year-old American, J-anime obsessed guy. P.S. Next time know the real fact before you write, not some 1819 "humorous drawings" crap. And next time you ever play any videogame think of your buddies in Japan. Letter #2 From:Information withheld Date: 10/04/2000 Subject: What are you talking about I think you must be completely out of your mind. American animation has zero to no character development. The reason it may seem that animes are "boring" or hard to understand is because of story and character development. The ONLY company that has any merit in American animation is Disney, and even they bother me. They only target children with their corny musicals and talking inanimate objects. The only American animation that has come out worth any praise whatsoever is "Tarzan." All other American animation is boring with no angles or artistic touches from the director. Anime's directors are true artists. They direct as they would a live action film. The action lines you referred to only exist if the movie has a low budget, not all animes have them. You obviously did not do your research before making these false statements about anime. The characters in anime are drawn much more realistically than the completely exaggerated human characters in American animation. You must take into consideration also the fact that anime is made with a much lower budget than American animation. The quality therefore is much more impressive when compared to the mediocre animation from America with a higher budget. The stories in anime are much more complicated and enthralling than ANYTHING AMERICAN ANIMATION HAS EVER DONE. You care about the characters and you watch the story develop. Even at first if there is a pattern in the episodes, the story begins to unfold slowly. When has American animation ever dealt with stories about religion or ever explored the human mind? NEVER. Anime is FAR, FAR, FAR superior to American animation in just about every way. P.S. If this is not to Marker Apenname directly, could the recipient please forward it to him. Thank you. John DeLucca Letter #3 From: Date: 11/24/2000 Subject: Anime vs American Animation (Comments) Dear Marker Apenname, I read your essay and found it interesting. I myself am an American citizen who enjoys anime very much and I've liked it since I was 3 years old. This I hope you find very interesting because it is associated with DISNEY. Back in 1985 when I was 3 years old.. Disney casted a japanese dubbed

How to Become a Veterinary Technician

How to Become a Veterinary Technician When you think of life in a veterinarian’s office, you might think of a Doctor Doolittle-style situation, with amusing animal hijinks and lots of kitten-cuddling. In reality, it’s a busy medical office- and while there may indeed be cuddling, it’s like any other healthcare practice, working hard to treat patients and send everyone (and everydog) out the door healthier than they came in. Veterinary technicians (also known as vet techs) are an essential part of a veterinary clinic. They work with doctors to provide care- but they do it across species lines.The Day-to-DayVet techs are often the core nursing staff in an animal clinic. Depending on what kinds of animals the clinic specializes in treating, this could entail working with patients from small rodents all the way up to horses and livestock. Vet techs typically work in standard private vet clinics, but they can also be found in emergency care pet clinics, in zoos, in medical laboratories, or visiting animal owners’ homes to provide care.  Because the majority of vet techs work in a clinic/office setting, the most common work week is a standard 40-hour one, but techs who work in critical care or in unusual settings (zoos, farms) may work on an on-call basis.Vet techs are usually responsible for the following tasks:Observing the behavior and condition of animals in order to diagnose illness or injuryProviding nursing careAdministering emergency first aid to animalsPerforming grooming servicesRestraining animals during exams or proceduresAdministering anesthesia to animals, and monitoring vital signsCollecting laboratory samples for testing, such as blood, urine, or tissuePerforming diagnostic laboratory testsTaking and developing x-raysPreparing animals and instruments for surgeryVaccinating and administering medication prescribed by the veterinarianMaintaining patient charts and medical historiesFor more on what it’s like to be a veterinary technician, check out these v ideos:Career Choices – Vet Technician  A Day in the Life – Veterinary Technician  Becoming a Veterinary Technician  The RequirementsVet techs usually have at least an associate’s degree from a program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association. Many states also require certification in addition to the standard education and training, so be sure to research what your state’s requirements are for vet techs.The PayThe median salary for veterinary technicians is $31,070, or $14.94 per hour. Experienced technicians can often make about $41,000 per year.  Per a Salary.com survey, vet techs rate their career as â€Å"very satisfying.†The OutlookOpportunities for veterinary technicians are exploding: the Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will have a major surge of at least 19% by 2024. This makes it one of the fastest-growing Allied Health careers out there. Also, the most kitten-intensive.

Palestinian Statehood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Palestinian Statehood - Research Paper Example The statement to which I agree is that the situation in terms of peace and prosperity shall be better than it is now. In order to gauge the complete understanding of the situation in Palestine, it is highly important that we look at it in context of its history and not just in isolation. The land of Palestine is the one region in the world which has experienced probably one of the most troublesome times. Throughout the various eras which have passed, it has been at the core of conflicts between various elements, with each believing that the land rightfully belongs to them as per their history and religion (Weiner 1999). Looking through the last century which has gone by, this land was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. However, after the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was broken and parts of it were given over to the victorious countries for administration by the League of Nations. The lands of Palestine were awarded to the Great Britain for their services during the First World War. From 1939 to 1945, the Second World War raged across the globe, during which the holocaust occurred. By the time the war ended, thousands of Jewish people had been displaced from Germany and were spread all around the region. The Great Britain gave up on its hold of Palestinian land, dividing it between the Jews, Egypt and Jordan. Thus, in the year of 1948, the independent and sovereign State of Israel was established (Quigley 2010). By the end of the â€Å"Six Day War† between Israel and the Arab states of Egypt Jordan and Syria, Israel had captured and taken full control over the lands of Palestine which had been given to Egypt and Jordan. These areas included the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza strip from the Egypt, the West Bank, Jerusalem from Jordan, while the Golan Heights were snatched from the Syrians (Quandt 1992). In 1988, the Palestinians announced that they were not just a piece of land, but officially the state of Palestine. This statement came from the Palestine National Council, which is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). This proclamation by the Palestinians was based primarily based on the norms of the international law, relying on the right of the self determination. This is a primary right which is awarded to the people to chose their political status (Quigley, Palestine's Declaration of Independence: Self-Determination and the Right of the Palestinians to Statehood 1989). Till date at least 130 countries have formally recognized Palestine as a state, with over 150 of them maintaining diplomatic relations with the Palestinians in one or another form (AFP 2011). This makes about 2/3 of the member countries of the UN General Assembly. Those countries which do not recognize the status of Palestine as a nation or a state, call these lands, the â€Å"Palestinian Occupied Territory† (Neff 2011). Despite this every time this comes under consideration, this is vetoed out by the United States of America, which has explicitly refused the Palestinian bid to attain the full membership of the United Nations (Mohammed 2011). Despite the international pressure from various countries such as China, the United States maintains its stance stating that only negations with Israel would achieve the Palestinians to form a state (Johnson 2011). In order for an entity to be recognized as a state, there are certain conditions which are in place and need to be fulfilled. These criteria of

The Nazi Party Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Nazi Party - Essay Example Several reasons lie behind the rise and support of the Nazi party. Contemporary historians argue that Nazi rose as a result of: Hitler’s mesmerizing skills and personality, the party’s effective use of propaganda, the challenges faced by the republic of Weimar, Hitler’s utilization of the Dolchstoss myth, the great depression encountered by the Germany people, and their fear of communism, attracted a massive support in 1920s. Hitler had an ability to grasp his audience’s attention by use of his speeches. People could always listen to him and appreciate the sense in his talk. The most remarkable ability of this leader was to capture the mood of his audience by allowing free admission to his speeches unlike his opponents. Logically, the fact that Hitler was much of a popular and eloquent speaker was a reason behind Nazi’s attraction to growing support during the 1920s. His impressive nature was the key contributing factor to the party’s elector al success in the late twenties. Even though the war was no more, the fondness and militarism for military tradition retained its strength in Germany. The Nazis attracted enormous interest with the help of their processions, sheer energy, leaflets, and military bands in appealing to the soft spot, which most Germans possessed, for the Prussian armed forces style, with pride and discipline (Bottaro 2001, 234).. The marches by the Nazi storm troopers were very impressive and had a massive presence. The prospect of these parades stimulated emotions among the people of Germany, and those who honored the militaristic principles that Germany had stood for in the past supported Hitler at their best. Hitler had a brilliant grip of propaganda principles, ahead of most of his opponents. His propagandists portrayed him as a savior, who could battle the working class and large businesses on behalf of those ignored by the community. One of Hitler’s main propaganda specialists, Dr. Joseph Goebbels described Hitler as a â€Å"contemporary monk† who worked industriously for his country. This gives a perfect illustration of how the media was used by the Nazi party to convince Germans of Hitler’s superlative leadership credentials, which in turn boosted the party’s support and growth. Hitler intellectually manipulated the media in order to be portrayed in the most affirmative light possible. Consequently, Germans were efficiently brainwashed ( Hehn 2005, 22). Hitler assured restoration of honor to the Germans, to bring back work and wages, and to renew political order. Before the world depression that began around 1928, he dedicated much of his political energy to the middle class. Even though the Nazis found it very hard to attract efficient support for those groups that stood by socialist parties like KPD and SDP, Germany experienced an agricultural disparity that pre-empted the international depression that came afterwards, and Hitler turned his a ttention to rural citizens, who would be in need for somebody to look into their problems. With such promises in their minds, German’s middle class had to support the Nazi party so that they could get those promises fulfilled. The impoverished small farmers, skilled workers, peasants, and rural traders were promised a reconstruction of farming enterprises and abolition of numerous taxes. The Nazis referred to peasants as having true German blood with true German life yet they

Marketing plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing plan - Research Paper Example The UK has one of the most stable political environments. The political leaders have ensured that politics does not affect the performance of the business in the market as this aspect would lead to loss of job opportunities for the locals. This can be ascertained by the latest election which was concluded days ago. Despite heightened political activities in the country, business operations were running normally (Paley, 2007). In addition, political steered clear of any issues that might destabilize the business environment. As a result, the country provides a serene environment for Americana. The UK population has an adventurous culture. Therefore, they like to taste other people’s culture. In addition, they appreciate other people ways of doing things and diet. However, they like to be associated with products and services that are produced locally. This aspect will be significant because Halal will meet the interests of the target market. In addition, this will create an opportunity for the local population to taste Muslim delicacies. This will attract more non-Muslim customers towards the product, some of which will end up becoming loyal to the products (Malhotra & Sciglimpaglia, 2009). UK has a stable economy. Although the country was affected by the financial crisis in 2008, it has been able to recover slowly. Initially, people were more reserved with their spending. However, this has changed over the years. People are now spending on their food of choice. The pound remains strong and stable. In addition, the interest rates in the country remain low in comparison with the neighboring countries. Therefore, in case the business will decide to expand its operations in other European countries using UK as its main base, it will be able to enjoy favorable exchange rates (Shankar & Carpenter 2012). This will be significant in enabling the business to penetrate and segment other markets. The largest market

Influence of Childhood Aerobic Fitness: Learning and Memory

Influence of Childhood Aerobic Fitness: Learning and Memory STUDENT NAME: Saghar Ahmadi DIRECTIONS: Please follow the Assessment 2 instructions carefully. Type your answers straight into this document. USE APA STYLE REFERENCING TO PROVIDE DETAILS OF YOUR ARTICLE HERE (2 MARKS): Raine, L. B., Lee, H. K., Saliba, B. J., Chaddock-Heyman, L., Hillman, C. H., Framer, A. F. (2013). The Influence of Childhood Aerobic Fitness on Learning and Memory. PLoS ONE, 8(9). Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072666 DESCRIBE THE MAIN PURPOSE OR PROBLEM PRESENTED IN THIS ARTICLE (5 MARKS): The main purpose of the article was to determine whether aerobic fitness enhances learning abilities, specifically memory, on a task where participants were asked to remember and recall fictitious names and locations on a map (Raine et al., 2013). Multiple strategies and procedures were implemented to better see and understand how fitness affects learning (Raine et al., 2013). This purpose was brought about through research which indicated a link between physically inactive children and certain health issues, such as being overweight, as well as decreased cognitive abilities, in terms of tasks pertaining to perception, memory and cognition (Raine et al., 2013). LIST THE HYPOTHESES OR RESEARCH QUESTIONS (5 MARKS): It was hypothesized that, in difficult situations, children who took part in physical exercise would have enhanced memory and learning (Raine et al., 2013). Also, the researchers proposed that the results would show when the enhancement of memory and learning occurs; it could either be during initial learning, retention or both (Raine et al., 2013). DESCRIBE WHETHER THIS RESEARCH COULD BE CLASSIFIED AS â€Å"LABORATORY† OR â€Å"FIELD† RESEARCH (3 MARKS): Field research entails research taking place in a more uncontrolled ‘real world’ environment such as a zoo. For this reason, this research cannot be reasonably classified as field research and is therefore, laboratory research because it was conducted in controlled conditions in a facility (Raine et al., 2013). This can be seen through tests which participants underwent, such as the VO2max test which required a motorised treadmill (Raine et al., 2013). It can be assumed that the treadmill was used safely inside a facility. DESCRIBE THE SAMPLE THAT WAS USED IN THIS RESEARCH (5 MARKS): The sample originally consisted of forty-nine children, aged 9-10 (27 participants were females), however, one participant was excluded from the analysis so the number of participants in the end was forty-eight (Raine et al., 2013). DESCRIBE THE TYPES OF METHODS THAT WERE USED (5 MARKS): On day 1, after giving consent, the legal guardians and participants completed a series of questionnaires, including the: Pre Participation Health Screening, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Rating Scale IV, health history questionnaire, a demographics questionnaire and the Modified Tanner Staging System (Raine et al., 2013). The last test the participants completed is the maximal oxygen consumption test which tested their fitness levels and determined if they qualified for the study (Raine et al., 2013). The data was then compiled and evaluated relative to the age and gender of participants (Raine et al., 2013). If participants scored above the 70th percentile for their respective age and gender then they were classified as HF – High Fit, and those below the 30th percentile were considered LF – Low fit (Raine et al., 2013). Participants scoring in between those two scores were excluded from the study (Raine et al., 2013). On day 2 learning occurred (Raine et al., 2013). The participants were to remember the four letter names of 10 regions on two different fictitious maps (20 regions across both maps), using two different learning strategies – study only (SO) and test study (TS) (Raine et al., 2013). The participants were randomly placed in the four groups and explanations were provided regarding each learning strategy (Raine et al., 2013). The participants were allowed to practice on a separate sample map (using an iPad) and ask any questions (Raine et al., 2013). The SO group began by looking at the names of the regions on the map for 3 seconds each, then trying to remember whatever they could (Raine et al., 2013). After this, the SO learning strategy occurred wherein participants had 6 seconds to tap on the region name located correctly on the map (Raine et al., 2013). This was done for all the regions 6 times (Raine et al., 2013). Each time, the participants were asked to remember the region names for the upcoming blocks and for the next day (Raine et al., 2013). The TS group, were also exposed to the region names for 3 seconds and asked to remember what they could of the map (Raine et al., 2013). They then went through the 10 regions 6 times, as the SO group did (Raine et al., 2013). Each time, the region names were displayed for 6 seconds, including a 4 second test phase and a 2 second study phase (Raine et al., 2013). In the test phase the participants were asked to tap on the map regions which corresponded to the region names, as the names were located outside of the regions (Raine et al., 2013). After this, the correct region name was displayed in the right location for 2 seconds—the study phase. Participants were asked to remember what they could regarding the region names for the next day (Raine et al., 2013). On day 3 the participants attempted to recall the region names through either undergoing a free recall test or a cued recall test (Raine et al., 2013). A free recall test included the participants being shown a blank map, on an iPad, with textboxes on each region which they were to name (Raine et al., 2013). Cued recall consisted of participants being shown the same blank map, however, they had the region names listed, like a word bank (Raine et al., 2013). The participants then wrote the region name in the textboxes on the map (Raine et al., 2013). DISCUSS THE RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THIS RESEARCH (5 MARKS): The results showed that firstly, in the test study (TS) condition, with every block, high fit (HF) participants had an increased accuracy percentage, in terms of correct answers as opposed to the low fit (LF) participants (Raine et al., 2013). Also, the TS condition yielded the most correct answers when recalling regions on the map, as opposed to the SO condition (Raine et al., 2013). In the TS condition, the HF group scored higher than the LF group (Raine et al., 2013). Also, HF and LF participants in the TS condition with cued recall proved to be the most efficient method which got the most percentage of answers correct on recall day (Raine et al., 2013). Therefore, based on these results it can be concluded that physical exercise does improve learning abilities as the HF participants scored on average higher, in both SO and TS conditions, than LF participants (Raine et al., 2013). However, the learning strategy as well as the type of recall also heavily impacts whether the participants will score better (Raine et al., 2013). In this particular case the test study strategy with cued recall produced a higher percentage of accurate answers (Raine et al., 2013). DESCRIBE YOUR OPINION OR REACTION TO THIS RESEARCH- BE CRITICAL IN AN OBJECTIVE AND SCIENTIFIC WAY (5 MARKS): Overall, I think it is a sound research paper. Firstly, in terms of ethics, the researchers obtained consent from the legal guardians of the children as they were underage and seeing as they may not have understood many of the questionnaires, the researchers made sure that their guardians completed them. Also, the researchers implemented particular methods so that that harm is minimised to the participants and so participants are able to better understand the research. For example, the OMNI scale was implemented whilst the children completed the VO2max test which allowed them to indicate to the researchers how tired they were based on pictures and participants were allowed to ask questions about anything they did not understand (Raine et al., 2013). Although the research stands to simply prove yet again that aerobic exercise is beneficial for learning and memory, it The only negatives are that in the sample size there is an uneven ratio of females to males and the age is restricted only to 9-10 year olds. This indicates that the results cannot be strictly generalised to the public because of the limited size and representation, however the basis of the results can be applied to those who are physically active.

Reaching Up for Manhood :: Essays Papers

Reaching Up for Manhood Under-privileged, African-American boys are more prevalent in today's society than the typical person would like to recognize or admit. These boys seem to be faced with an ideal in which they need to follow or conform to as any and all cultures have. However, the problem is that for these boys, this ideal or way of living is believed to be met. Black boys growing up in Harlem are expected to act tough, not take any crap from anybody, and always seem to be strong no matter what they may be faced with. Along with this pressure to not express emotion and feeling, people wonder why they take this aggression out on their loved ones. Even though it may seem sexist it is a known fact that males are more likely to partake in violence than the average female. In order to prevent violence, it needs to stop before it starts. To do this, we start at childhood. The social, family, and educational environment must change for the better. This is not an easy task and no one is saying that it is going to take place over night. However, it is known that what we are, what we know, and how we act all reflects on the way in which we grow up and develop. Not to state the obvious, but I was raised very different from what the novel describes as an African-American male. Considering I am a Caucasian female, I was not raised with the attitude that I need to fend for myself. I did not need to learn self-defense in order to stay safe on the playground. My mother did not coach me on which ways to walk home from school. I didn't have to worry about it since the schools were well equipped with buses and money was not a problem for any of the school districts in the area I call home. I could not imagine telling a child not to go to the playground and play after school because it wasn't safe. If put in this type of culture, I would feel like I'd have to shield my child from everything when the reality of it would be that I am not the educator. The "tough" boys on that playground are the educators in a younger boy's eyes and the older boys come from homes that are either struggling or non-existing.

Threat Assessment of Ping Sweeps and Port Scans

Threat Assessment of Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Ping sweeps and port scans are two techniques that a malicious computer user such as a hacker can utilize to compromise an Enterprise networks security and gain access to their proprietary data. For example, private email messages can be forwarded to a rogue destination email address: Done by installing a virus program into a user’s email client through a discovered active computers open TCP/IP IMAP port (port number 143) that is not being currently used by that user (Clarke, 2008).The virus then could take advantage of security vulnerabilities in that users email client program and forward emails from that users inbox over to another destination email address without them knowing about it. Therefore, in light of such exploits as just described it is vitally important to address and mitigate the security problem to an Enterprise network from ping sweeps and port scans that can be incurred from outside sources by the use of strong Firewall protections. To better comprehend the danger that ping sweeps and port scans can represent here is a more detailed explanation of each of these techniques.Ping sweeps First, a ping is a computer network utility tool using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to send multiple data packets to a target host device such as server, workstation, or printer to establish whether that host device on a network is actively present (turned on, or active) and able to communicate. If the target host device in question sends back a reply then that device is determined to indeed be active on the network. So therefore, a ping sweep is number of pings that are executed to determine which out of a range of IP addresses map over to live host devices (Rouse, 2005).To perform this task there are several available software tools to choose from, such as fping, gping, and Nmap for UNIX systems. Also, there is Rhino9’s Pinger software and SolarWinds Ping Sweep for Windows systems. Af ter using such a tool a malicious user can know which host devices on a network are actively available and then proceed to performing a technique called a port scan to try to gain access to those devices. Port Scanning Port scanning is technique used to identify any open or closed TransmissionControl Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) network communication ports or services on a network host device. For example, port number 110 is assigned to Post Office Protocol three (POP3) for email client application communications on a network. There can be up to 65,000 ports any one computer or host device and any unused open ports as determined by a port scan may allow a malicious user unauthorized access to it. This is akin to an open window in a house whereas a burglar can gain access to it (â€Å"Facts about port,† ).Also, accessive port scanning can lead to a denial of service (DoS) attack and not allow authorized users to access their data. Finally, there are again sev eral utility tools available to perform port scanning such as Nmap as mentioned previously or SolarWinds Port scanner. Firewall To mitigate the security threat posed by ping sweeps and port scans it is highly recommended that firewall protection on all network hosts devices should be enabled to close any unused ports to protect them from unauthorized access.Also, is recommended that the use of a firewall server to protect the network from any outside intruders be used as well. In conclusion, ping sweeping and port scanning can threaten the security of a Business Enterprises network and steps to handle security should be implemented to mitigate as much as possible any possibility that any data is kept confidential, that its integrity remains intact, and is always available.

Bible and Beowulf Reading Journal

Beowulf reading journal Entry 1 Lines 703-1250 Kennings: God-cursed Grendel (true kenning) Cloud-murk (half-kenning) Hell-serf (true-kenning) Wound-slurry (half-kenning) Wave-Vat (half-Kenning) Alliterations: None Epic poetry line that stuck out: Line 927-930 â€Å"first and foremost, let the Lord Almighty be thanked for this sight. † Line 1057 â€Å"past and present God always prevails. † Entry 2 10/02/12 Nick Yasi Lines 1251-1887 Kennings: Line 1259: Hell-Bride (true-kenning) Line 1274: Hell-Brute (true-kenning)Line 1276: Death-Den (half-kenning) Line 1312: First-Footing (true-kenning) Alliterations: Line 1317: Floorboards banged Line1408: Prince Preceded Epic poetry line that stuck out: Line 1272 â€Å"He (Beowulf) relied for help on the lord of all. Entry 3 10/02/12 Nick Yasi One thing that really stuck out to me, which I find really neat, is after Beowulf returns to Heorat and Hrothgar praises Beowulf’s goodness, evenness, and loyalty, he begins to contrast s him with the evil KingHeremod, and predicts a great future for him. He delivers a long speech about how to be a good and wise ruler by choosing eternal rather than earthly rewards. And when I read this I couldn’t help thinking about Solomon and how he asked for wisdom instead of earthly things. Also it seems, for me at least, that reading this story and hearing all the biblical references helps me understand and want to read the bible a lot more than I do already. Cause in a sense Beowulf isn’t even close to being as epic as the bible.

french and german constitution essays

french and german constitution essays The executive in the French Vth Republic and the executive in the Federal republic in Germany have a few similarities and many differences. Since the French Vth constitution was tailor made by DeGaulles himself, the executive in this republic is very strong and authoritative. However, the executive in the Federal Republic of Germany, (the Bundesrepublik- Germany after 1945) was made up to prevent another Hitler from raising up, so it is very weak and is more of an executive figurehead. The position of the executive in the French Vth Republic is an extremely powerful one. In Williams Safrans The French Polity, it is indicated that the French President is very independent from other branches of government, and much of this power derives from this fact (Safran 178). In Germany however, the framers of the Basic Law avoided the problems created by the dual executive of president and chancellor during the Weimar Republic and therefore made the president obviously subordinate to the chancellor and parliament in the policymaking process (Conradt 209). This meant that the German Federal President was not independent and authoritative such as the French President was. In fact, the German President was framed by the Bundesrepublik constitution to be secondary to the Chancellor. This is very contrary to the position the French President had because the French President was not limited by any strong legislative powers that parliament might have, or by being subject to ouster by parliament. On the contrary, the French President is like the president of the Weimar Republic in possessing special emergency powers in addition to the right of dissolution, and in fact, the French President is like the U.S. president in that he or she reigns and rules (Safran 178). The French President is the head of France, in fact Safran indicates that he is the highest authority of the s...

Conformity and its consequence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conformity and its consequence - Essay Example In other words, the practice of conformity may be found at individual level and at group level. At times, it may so happen that the exposure to some extraordinary things may attract the individuals to believe or practice the same, but for fear from the society regarding non conformity with the general belief, the individuals prefer to avoid the new practice. The people may just follow the conformity and they become more selfish while treating others in some of the occasions. For example, in case of very old man who came to the house of Pelayo and Elisenda, the couple initially tried to find the actual truth about his whereabouts and nature of life. Once they got a clue that the old man might be an angel, they tried to get the advantage of the presence of old man in their home. They started collecting entry fee for visiting the old man and in this process they became rich, but unfortunately they neglected the old man. Though the father Gonzaga expressed doubts about the characteristic s of the angel due to lack of mortal characters in old man and lack of ability to speak in Latin language, the major sections of common people in the society started believing that the old man might be an angel.

Introduction of economic scarcity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction of economic scarcity - Essay Example For example when computers came in and became a household name, if any person is still computer illiterate, won't he or she find that getting a job has become close to impossible. In the same way, if a country has been producing things with old technology for a long time and there comes a new technology that not only creates efficiency but also gives better results, don't you think people will demand the products made by new technology. Then a producer using older technology will go out of demand and his products will become obsolete. This is how scarcity appears as and when a new discovery or invention is made. But it is important that the new technology be very significant and life changing. On the island, they have found that a new invention is likely to revolutionize the way things are done on the island. The problem is should this invention be adopted If yes, then how should this be accomplished Keeping these points in mind, the council must create a plan that would address the key issues knowing that this technology has to be adopted. In order to reduce resistance and make people more open to the acceptance and adoption of this technology, it is critical that they are made aware of the benefits of this technology. When computers came, they were not adopted by everyone in a single day but people came to embrace this new technology as and when they learned o

Natural science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Natural science - Essay Example This virus is closely associated to HIV-1. It is known as HIV-2. HIV-2 is mostly present in Africa however HIV-1 is present all over the world. This infection consists of three stages. In the first stage severe retroviral syndrome along with asymptomatic period occurs. This is the exactly like influenza or like mononucleosis that a good number people get in six to twelve weeks after acquiring the infection. It generally finishes without any treatment at all. It is at this point that a patients' blood test for HIV comes out positive. Symptomatic HIV infection is known as the second stage of AIDS. In this stage symptoms start to become prominent. This stage can be as long as a few months or even a few years. AIDS is the last stage. In this stage the immune system gets badly damaged and other opportunistic diseases infect the patient. This collapse of the immune system leads the patient top his death in just a few years. HIV causes a decline in the health and most of time even death. The virus is an extremely dangerously severely infects both the brain and the nervous system. It could cause dementia; dementia is an illness which is related sensory, thinking, or memory disorder. Brain infection might result in problems related to movement or coordination. HIV may have infected the diesel for two to twelve years without exhibiting any symptoms. This virus is transferable to other person symptoms regardless of the symptoms. As soon as HIV catches speed, a lot of symptoms begin to show up. The symptoms consists of mysterious fever, exhaustion, diarrhea, serve loss of weight, enlargement of the lymph glands, loss of hunger mouth and vagina's yeast infections, night sweats which may last more than a number of weeks, problems in breathing , dry cough, bad throat due to the swelling of glands, chills, and shivering. Other symptoms include flat or raised spots or bumps of Pink or purple, color which occur under the skin, in the oral cavity, nose, eyelids or rectum. They look like bruises, however they don't fade away. The skin around the bruises is not as hard as the bruises themselves. Another symptom is Spots or odd blemishes which are White in color start to occur in the mouth. HIV can be transmitted via 3 ways. One very common way is by means of unprotected sex (oral, virginal or anal). The most dangerous kind of sex which transmits this virus is anal sex as the anus does not stretch. The second way this virus can be transmitted is through direct contact with blood that is already infected with the virus. There are a number of ways of in which the virus can be transmitted via direct contact with blood that is already infected with HIV. The third way in which this virus is transited is when pregnant women is infected by this virus and transmits it to her fetus. Development After 6 years in 1987 a new treatment came into being this is known as the first big step in the direction of curing HIV and AIDS virus. The drug that was found was Retrovir (AZT, Zidovudine) and it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and was immediately used to treat patients with HIV. In 1992, the first drug which was to be utilized with zidovudine was also approved by Food and Drug Administration. This combination of drugs was called Hivid; this was the start of HIV combination therapies. In the year 1996

Carl Rodgers and B.F. Skinner Essay Example for Free

Carl Rodgers and B.F. Skinner Essay B.F. Skinner, who favored the behaviorist approach to psychology, criticized the psychoanalytical theory by suggesting that psychology should be the study of behavior and not just the mind. However, Skinners approach was radical, in that he did consider our inner thoughts and feelings, but denied that they had anything to do with behavior. His study of behavior involved close contact with the experimental laboratory, where he experimented with small animals such as rats and pigeons. As the experimenter, he was able to study the use of stimuli and reinforcement of behavior. Skinner pointed out that aggression, like any other form of behavior, is a result of social and physical issues in our environments. With this in mind, he believed that human behavior is therefore controllable. In Skinners view, if aggression is apparent in a person, then it is determined by past and present relevant events, together with genetic endowment, hereditary factors that are passed through our genes in the process of evolution. He argued that full knowledge of these two sets of factors, genetic endowment and personal history; hold the key to controlling behavior such as aggression. The behaviorist approach fails to acknowledge individual free will and choice however, and the frustrations involved in the inability to express these. It is often these unobservable issues that cause behaviors, such as aggression. When looking at positive reinforcement, Skinner often refused to consider the mental causes of aggression. For example, if a drunk tries to start a fight with you in a pub, Skinners theory would indicate that the best form of action from previous experience would be to walk away. This however, ignores the events leading up to this point, and you may decide to stay and fight or maybe stay and make friends. The mind selects a response according to the desired consequence, which is a natural part of every function we perform but is not a straightforward case of positive reinforcement. Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytical theory of the personality, where he divided it into layers; the unconscious, preconscious, and the conscious. These represented different levels of awareness in our minds. He also described the personality as the id, which is essentially what we are born  with and is where the basic sexual and aggressive drives reside, the ego, which starts to develop as soon as interaction with the environment begins, and the superego, which represents the moral aspect of humans according to societys standards and values. He believed that we are born with these inner feelings of aggression, which we use as a tool to obtain the things we want, but unfortunately, society restricts the use of this horrible behavior for obvious reasons. The display of aggressive behavior would cause us to lose love and respect ending in lowered self-esteem. In order to get through life without imposing this unacceptable behavior upon society, we have in our superego, incorporated something called guilt, which in turn makes us feel ashamed of this pushy, demanding insistence of gratification side of ourselves. However, this causes within us an eternal conflict that rages on through our everyday lives, in the unconscious level of our minds, where we only dimly recognize it. Carl R. Rogers was the founder of the humanistic approach to behavior and like Maslow, he believed that there was nothing bad about human behavior and that we are capable of healthy growth towards Self Actualization. This means that we have the potential to reach fulfillment and achieve warm relationships with others through acceptance and understanding of what we as humans are. In order to understand the actualizing tendency, Rogers claims that we should firstly be congruent, meaning that we should be aware of our inner feelings and accept them as a part of our nature. In this respect, what we express from those feelings is pure and true. Secondly, we should be able to empathize with our fellow man, in that we can understand what everything means to them from their point of view, as if we were in their world. Thirdly, we should be able to accept things as they are and who our fellow man is, without judgment or prejudice. These are three essential ingredients for healthy growth towards being a fully functioning person. Obviously, with an approach such as this, there is little room for negative feelings such as aggression. Because of this positive force for healthy growth, Rogers believed that aggression could possibly be a result of a state of incongruence, where we may feel conflict between our sense of self and our  ideal self. For example, when we become aware of our own set of values but are told by our parents to respect their set of values, taught to us previously, and the use of conditional regard is applied to enforce those values. This could possibly cause aggression by way of retaliation. However, he would not see aggression as inevitable or even an appropriate response, only as a possible response.

Gender and leadership style analysis

Gender and leadership style analysis 1. Introduction Leader is the central part of a company. No matter what kind of organization it is, the activity of leading is very important. Leader style is also called manager style, which is concerned with maintaining motivation, balancing interests and implementing tactical plans. An effective leader is someone who motivates a person or a group to accomplish more than they would have otherwise accomplished without that leaders involvement (Gedney R., 1999). As a good leader, he or she should be visionary, innovative, and has strategic and logical thinking. Good leadership style can help a company to build and sustain a high performance structure. When a baby is born, the first question people always ask is is it a boy or a girl? The babys gender determines what kind of characteristics he or she would have to some extent. If the baby is a boy, he is more likely to be competitive, strong and tough in the future. If the baby is a girl, she seems to be more careful, emotional, and patient when she grows up. So according to different characteristics male and female maintain, their leadership styles have many differences. 2. Different Genders Leadership Styles Research presented by Dr. Pat Heim in her video, The Invisible Rules: Men, Women and Teams, indicates that each gender is a culture in itself, raised with invisible rules of conduct instinctively known to all adult members of that gender (Norton D., 1998). Male leader leans towards the traditional command-and-control style. They are more likely to employ a transactional leadership. The transactional leadership style developed by Bass is based on the hypothesis that followers are motivated through a system of rewards and punishment (Transactional leadership, 2007). Leaders using this style view job performance as a series of transactions and they offer rewards for services rendered or punishment for inadequate performance. This means if the followers do something good for the organization, they will be rewarded. On the contrary, if they do something wrong, they will be punished. Followers are putting the wishes of leaders in effect.  In fact, this kind of style may begin to form the very early leader-follower relationship. Male leaders give the ideas to their followers that they can get better raises by following orders. As for female leaders, they also use the transactional leadership style. But the study found women were more likely to use the supporting component the leadership style have. On the other hand, male leaders not always give rewards when their employees perform well. But if the employees do something wrong, he will punish them without doubts. Female leaders are tended to use this kind of interactive leadership style. They not only encourage others participation but also attempted to energize followers by enhancing their sense of self-worth. They inspire and motivate employees while allowing them some initiative and giving them the power to make decisions on their own. Many women leaders believe that people perform best when they feel good about themselves and their work. The leaders are opening access to information to increase opportunities for continuous improvement. But similarities also exist among men and women managers. In order to lead employees, no matter what gender you are, you should follow many similar principles that useful in management. An extensive review of research suggests that similarities in leadership styles tend to outweigh the differences. Because of career self-selection and organization selection, people who choose careers in law enforcement or real estate have a lot in common. So do individuals who choose managerial or supervisory roles (David C., 2006). In retrospect, men are more likely to use the transactional leadership style for rewarding and punishing employees. Men are strong and decisive. Women build bridges of empathy. Men get things done. Women care more about the process(Different leadership styles, 2007). As women always use the transformational leadership style, they are better at negotiating than men. There are many communication strengths for female leaders: they enhance team work, win the trust of the people they work with, and encourage innovation. Male leaders also have many advantages: they are decisive when they face difficult situations, have clear mind to set different responsibilities, and remove unwanted elements without doubts. 3. Male Leaders vs. Female Leaders, Which Make Better Leaders During a long period of time, many people think men have the ability to manage people well and they are suitable to management. However, as more and more women are moving into management in recent years, some questions have arisen: Do women bring a special brand new style of leading into company? The traditional command-and-control style, compared with womens ways of leading, which one is more effective? Which leadership style is better? Which leadership style is better? In 2005, a year-long study identified a number of characteristics that distinguish women leaders from men when it comes to qualities of leadership. The study findings are summarized into four specific statements about womens leadership qualities: Women leaders are more persuasive than their male counterparts. When feeling the sting of rejection, women leaders learn from adversity and carry on with an Ill show you attitude. (Women Leaders study, 2005). Esther Wachs, the author of the book Why the Best Man for the Job is a Woman: The Unique Female Qualities of Leadership, makes research on the careers of fourteen top female executives among them the President and CEO of eBay to find out what makes them so successful. She found women has a willingness to reinvent the rules; an ability to sell their visions; the determination to turn challenges into opportunities; and a focus on high touch in a high tech business world (Lowen L.). Women in both staff and line positions were more likely to be leader-style executives than their male colleagues. During 1990s, there were only small part of women filled in managerial positions and most of them stayed in house looking after babies and doing housework. But just after several years, more and more women become white-collars and get high-leveled jobs. Organizations realize women have better performance than expected. In 2005, the number of women ascent into top management positions in large companies has increased nearly 60 percent over the last decade. In both the UK and Ireland, women represent more than 45 percent of the workforce (Gurdal I., 2005). From the data we can see, the speed which women moved into top positions is very fast. Nowadays, it is common to see female leaders in organization, although they are still the minority. Since technology develops rapidly, what the company concerned most in the future is for people. Interactive management, creative problem handling method, and effective communication skills are more valuable for an organization than other aspects. All these characteristics as important for future development and success are the qualities female leaders have. So to some extents, it seems that female leadership style is more and more suitable for companies. Women have the ability to create brand new corporation culture, which is different from male leaders produced. The structures that women establish seem to be flexible and these structures can help to create more interactive environment for a company. Since women also tend to discuss problems more openly and utilize group-think to seek solutions, such solutions are often more acceptable to teams (Gutià ©rrez M., 2008). According to what mentioned above, female leaders have many advantages outweigh than male leaders. But this does not mean male leaders are not good. There is still much superiority which male leaders have. Many studies show there are not lots of differences between the qualities of men and women leadership styles. Each genders leadership styles have their good points. Since male leaders are more masculine, they are good at solving problems, delegating, and influencing superiors. Female leaders are more feminine, they are more likely to be supporting and rewarding others, building team and consulting. Interestingly, some male leaders are better at networking, which generally is seen as a feminine behavior. Some female leaders are better than males at solving problems, an ability regarded as male leadership style. 4. The Trend of Leadership Style 4.1 Feminine leadership style is growing The general perception of business management before was a structure dominated by males whose leadership style was hierarchical, tough, action-oriented, and even autocratic. In most peoples mind, the ideal leader should be regarded as an independent, tough, individualistic hero. But today a new generation of women is bringing to business a different style often described as more consensus-building, more likely to encourage participation by others, more open and inclusive, and even more caring than that of many males. Now a new wave revolution created by women is coming. Many females begin explore their own way to top management positions. The way is not sitting down under old rules and habits that have proved effective and suitable for males, it derives from womens own experience and their unique understanding of the world.T he World YWCA Secretary General Kanyoro says attitudes toward leadership changing mentioned this: These newly admired leadership qualities of shared leadership; nurturance and doing good for others are today not only sought after but also indeed needed to make a difference in the world.A feminine way of leading includes helping the world to understand and be principled about values that really matter (Kanyoro M., 2006). In modern society, domination is no longer a popular leadership style. Todays work force is better-educated. Nowadays, more and more young professional workers are joining into the organizations. They demand to participate and contribute. In some cases, they have knowledge or talents their bosses dont have. Normally, these kinds of workers are likely to respond more to interactive leaders. They hope their leaders can be flexible, interactive, trust and encouraging rather than rigid, right-wing, serious, and restraining. Todays company requires leaders who not only are risk takers, but also are capable of hearing the ideas of others and really give them the power to use some of the ideas in changing business making them successful. Listening, encouraging and sharing information with people are the keys to success for best leaders. Just like the President of the nearly $500-million-a-year magazine group of Meredith Corp. said: Companies that try to manage in the old top-down, hierarchical, drill-sergeant way is just doomed (Nelton S., 1991). Many experts agree that women are more likely to have the ability to deal with the complicated problems existed in the company. They are more active in building networks, listening, resolving conflict, and getting people to work together. In addition, women can help companies be more competitive because they see business opportunities as a result of their own experience. Many female leaders have the confidence that they can help company grow very well in an international market. Although men still run the world, more and more people realize that it might be in better shape if women were more often in charge. Female leadership characters can help companies solve three major problemsthe need for better customer service, the demand for higher quality, and the need for leadership itself (Nelton S., 1991). Gradually, many male leaders start to use the so-called feminine tools of leadership without embarrassment. Being more male than male is no longer effective for women leaders on controlling a company. Women leaders have more opportunities to use the styles that are more natural to them as individuals, whether soft or tough. As never before, the world is seeking capable women as being the female leader. Its happening most quickly on the entrepreneurial side, as well as on the corporate side. A large growing pool of women will have the chance to show their executive talent. According to the research on Google, in United States, more than 4 million of women have already started at the top by launching their own companies. In order to nurture the development of women leaders, many companies encourage mentoring for women. They create situations that facilitate informal, on-the-job advice for women. Some companies also add women to board of directors. 4.2 Different leaderships blend together Although there are many advantages by using feminine leadership style, smart companies are making room for a diversity of styles, encouraging the development of women leaders along with the men. Male leaders are better at giving orders, while female leaders like to build the bridge between employees and her. They enhance team work more than male leaders and they more focus on the detailed things during the process. On the contrary, male leaders always lead in a macro point of view. Men and women can learn strengths from each other. Many women are combining the best of the traditional styles, such as focus on performance, into their leadership style, while men are adopting the so-called soft management approaches that women use effectively. For the fortunate businesses, these different styles should be complementary rather than confrontational. If two men or two women work together, it may not be more effective than men and women work together. At the top of the company, if different genders work together, they can produce harmony and comfortable environment and develop the companys potential to higher point. For an organization, in order to fully realize its potential, it is vital to meld different leadership styles together. No matter what kind of way the leader uses, the critical thing for the leader is to know the strong and weakness the style they use most frequently. To be effective in the workplace, the leader must also realize that switching between different styles can make his or her company have better performance. Dilemma Faced by Female Leaders in Todays Society: Stereotyping Leadership When we talk about the two types of leadership -one is predominantly masculine and the other is predominantly feminine, we would think about two different kinds of figures: men in the military and on the playing field to train soldiers, and women in the home to manage the house and nurture husbands and children. Since many women have been married and have children, most of them spend higher average hours of housework than men per week. The competitive pressure is growing higher and higher in todays society, women have to strive to balance their professional careers and family roles. Some people think female are not suitable for being leaders because women always consider their family a lot and can not spend all efforts on work. Womens inability of being leaders is not because they lack adequate leadership characteristics; it is because they do not have time and energy. Widely shared gender stereotypes are in effect the genetic code of the gender system, since they constitute the cult ural rules or schemas by which people perceive and enact gender difference and inequality (Carli L., 2001). Male and female management styles are distinct. In many cases, managerial stereotypes fit with gender stereotypes. People stereotype women as being better at encouraging, supporting and taking care; while men are stereotyped as being more direct, kinglike and taking charge. Many people think if the leader is a female, she is more likely to discuss with their employees when making a decision. To the contrary, if the leader is a male, he would decide by himself and influence superiors to follow him. People always consider man can better achieve a solution than women. Today, the number of men in top management positions is still much higher than women. Only a quite small part of women can enter top management field, let alone being CEOs. No matter what leadership style female executives choose, they are more likely to be perceived negatively than men. Female business leaders act consistent with gender stereotypes are considered too soft. But if they go against gender stereotypes, they are considered too tough. To explain these, when a female leader exhibit traditionally valued leadership behaviors such as assertiveness, she tends to be seen as competent but not personable or likable. If she adopts a more stereotypically feminine style, people like it but not see it as having valued leadership skills. So there is a double-bind dilemma for women in leadership: Damned If You Do, Doomed If You Dont (Study, 2007). So todays female leaders are really at a deadlock. Even though they tried very hard to become leaders, they still have limited positional power. Many people do not agree women become leaders because they regard all of women as a whole, and all of them have the same characteristics in other words, womens character flaw. In those peoples mind, since most women are sentimental, they should be tender and shilly-shally; since they are approachable, they do not have the determination to make punishment or criticize; since they are likely to support and encourage others, they do not have the power to influence superiors, etc. Stereotyping is strong and horrible, it gives women more and more pressure when they pursuit higher positions. Although many women have diversity trainings before they enter into executive positions, they still feel powerless to eliminate the stereotypes. The effect of gender stereotyping can be devastating, it block the way they pursuit their career, whittle down their confidence, bury their talents and potential and increase the huge gap in business leadership. One day women will be fully accepted in senior positions, but before this day comes true, women still have much further to go. Many companies have already realized the bad environment and unequal opportunities for women. In order to help women achieve their advancement and argue for their rights, some organizations have already taken active measure to avoid and resist gender stereotyping. Women leaders performance should be shown and supported, especially when they are in the fields dominated by male. Company should also create a gender-sensitive workplace, to give women the same opportunities to take part in the work discussion. Another way is to give managers, executives, and even employees the education about stereotyping. This can give them the idea that it is important to improve gender quality and let women have more confidence to strive for their rights. Furthermore, objective standards must be used when evaluating peoples achievements. It is sure that with equitable and supportive business environment, the organization will have better-educated workforce, enjoy better business performance and become more compatible in the market. 6. Suggestions for Good Leadership Style Regardless of the size of the company, both men and women business leaders have a lot they can teach one another about leadership, as well as the members of their own sex. As they learn from one another, they can bring strengthened leadership abilities to their companies. Here are some suggestions for good leadership styles. 6.1 Listen Carefully For this point, women leaders tend to be better listeners than men. Listening is the key because leaders can learn from the people who work for them by listening. If followers know their leader is open, the leader even hears the downside directly. Listening to others is a kind of way to gather information. It enables leaders to keep making changes to improve the organization. However, listening doesnt always mean agreement. Listening to a person doesnt mean you should decide it in his or her way. Leaders should be good at filtering useful information. Some leaders meet with a different group of 15 or more non-managerial employees for round-table discussions every month. By talking with those employees, leaders can get to know people at levels they might never see. The purpose of the round-table discussion is communication, but a wise leader makes a point of listening more than talking. 6.2 Being Decisive Decisiveness is defined as being characterized by firmness and decision' (Being decisive, 2007). Being decisive doesnt mean having a closed mind or being bullheaded. A good leader should know when to stop building consensus and gathering information to make a decision. Decisiveness is an area that women could probably learn something from men. 6.3 Be Willing to Express Your Emotions In fact, there is always a wrong perception about management. People always think soft management means the leader is sensitive, caring and supportive, and hard management means the leader is tough and draw the lines. But actually, a lot of the tough guy is really cowardly and ineffective management. Managers who take the hard approach sometimes are hiding behind a shell, they are afraid to confront their own emotions and feelings. They scare to show it in public. Dont be afraid to show your feelings to your employees which are important for both male and female leaders. Because it is a way to show your faith and honest, and it is also an opportunity to build the bridge of trust among people. Many leaders find when they stop hiding their emotions, their reputation among employees is higher. Instead of considering being soft, they receive more respects from their employees. Cry doesnt mean you are wimp. Leaders who cry for their employees outstanding performance or regret for their own leading mistakes convey that they take employees performance and achievements seriously. 6.4 Doesnt Let Your Ego Get in the Way No matter you are a man or a woman, you have to learn that there is no place for ego in leadership. Only one person can not make a company successful. Running an organization its a team effort and a team attitude. If something is good, both leader and followers will all take credit. But if it is bad, they all take the blame. Leaders should not be too proud of them and focus on making profit for their own, since it will be found sooner or later and followers will not trust the leaders any more. Dont be egotistical does not mean you can not get to the top if you want to. But what the leader should make it clear is that the more people you try to take along with you, the faster youll get there and the longer youll stay there. 6.5 Be Yourself Dont try to force yourself into a certain style thats not natural to you, even if you think its expected of you. Leaders should aware that different people have different expectations, you can not satisfy everyone. Do not lose yourself. Female leaders are strong professionals, but they can still wear dresses instead of masculine-looking suits. They can also keep a jar of candy in the office, which is regarded as a typically female touch. Believe it or not, such little things can produce an environment of communication and friendliness. You can learn to draw on other leaders styles, however, to enrich your choice of tools. Leader should build on his or her strengths in terms of the personality, and it basically comes down to what works best for him or her. 7. Does only sex determine the leadership style? Most of the male leaders can set legible responsibilities, but that does not mean women leaders can not. So all of these characteristics described for male and female actually do not have clear boundaries and are not the unique ones just aim at one gender. The leadership style is not just influenced by gender, the style also develop out of personalities and life experiences. Each leader has a predominant style, but the other aspects of leadership must also be present as tools to use. If men do not feel embarrassed to show some kinds of feminine ways of leading, they can also use them directly and effectively. In some cases, female leaders are also comfortable to show use some male leadership styles when necessary. In very difficult and dangerous situation, there may be just only one right decision. The leader should use it, no matter what gender the leader is. For many successful male and female leaders, their partners (have different gender) are linked by neither marriage nor romance. Men and women in senior management all work for long hours and are motivated by the achievement they made. Leadership style is also determined by the types of operations executives run. If the leader oversees design and production, he seems to be more low-key than the other one who is responsible for sales, marketing, and finance. The second leader needs to be more intense and aggressive so as to increase the performance of apartments which he or she charges. If leaders responsibilities require more structure, they should be more strict and rigid. On the contrary, if they need to deal with creative people, they should be more fluid, spontaneous, and flexible. From a get-somebodys-attention standpoint, it is beneficial for the leaders to be direct, no nonsense, and get on the table what they want. 8. Conclusion In retrospect, males tended to be more task-oriented; females tended to be more relationship-oriented. Women tend to employ a more democratic, participative style while men tend to take a more autocratic, directive approach. Self-selection and adaptation are factors common to female leadership, while delegation and controlling are factors common to male leadership. Female leaders are more likely to be supporting and rewarding others, building team and consulting. Male leaders are better at solving problems, delegating, and influencing superiors. Human flexibility combined with cultural experiences allows men and women the ability to do more or less what they choose versus being locked into stereotypical behaviors. For example, men are capable, although maybe not comfortable, working within organizations currently identified with womens styles. Also, women can and do adapt to military leadership styles when required. Although there are lots of differences between male and female leaders, they can still successfully work together, to communicate effectively, and contribute equally to the work place. Nowadays, more and more leaders become introspective but decisive, caring yet competent. Companies seem to understand giving the chances to a variety of leaders to grow and shine is good for business. All in all, whether a style is masculine or feminine, the best leadership style depends on the organization. A nontraditional leadership style can be effective in organizations that accept it. The most competitive organizations will take leaders wherever they find them, no matter what sex they are. Thats not only the essence of capitalism, but also the law of survival of the fittest.